Digestion and absorption of fats, Nutrition

 Digestion of fats

1. Mouth:

   - Minimal digestion begins with the enzyme lingual lipase (lingual lipase) secreted by glands in the mouth.

2. Stomach:

   - Gastric lipase (gastric lipase) is secreted by the stomach, which begins to break down triglycerides into diglycerides and free fatty acids.

3. Small Intestine:

   - The majority of fat digestion occurs here.

  -Bile: Produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, bile is released into the small intestine where it emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets (bile) to increase surface area for enzymes.

   - Pancreatic Lipase:Secreted by the pancreas, this enzyme further breaks down triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids (pancreatic lipase).

Absorption of Fats

1. Micelles:

   - The monoglycerides and free fatty acids, now in the form of micelles (micelles), are absorbed by the enterocytes (cells lining the small intestine).

2. Reformation:

   - Inside the enterocytes, monoglycerides and free fatty acids are re-esterified to form triglycerides (re-esterification).

3. Chylomicrons:

   - The newly formed triglycerides are packaged into lipoprotein particles called chylomicrons (chylomicrons).

4. Transport:

   - Chylomicrons are released into the lymphatic system via lacteals, small lymph vessels in the villi of the small intestine (lymphatic system).

   - They eventually enter the bloodstream through the thoracic duct (thoracic duct).

5. **Utilization and Storage**:

   - Fatty acids and glycerol from chylomicrons can be taken up by cells to be used for energy or 

stored as fat in adipose tissue (energy use or storage as fat).

1.Mouth

   - Fat ----> Lingual Lipase ----> Minor digestion

2. Stomach:

   - Fat ----> Gastric Lipase ----> Diglycerides + Free Fatty Acids

3. Small Intestine

   - Emulsification:

     - Fat ----> Bile ----> Emulsified Fat (Micelles)

   - Enzymatic Digestion:

     - Emulsified Fat ----> Pancreatic Lipase ----> Monoglycerides + Free Fatty Acids

Absorption of Fats

1. Micelles

   - Monoglycerides + Free Fatty Acids ----> Micelles ----> Enterocyte Absorption

2. Reformation:

   - Monoglycerides + Free Fatty Acids ----> Re-esterification in Enterocytes ----> Triglycerides

3. Chylomicrons Formation:

   - Triglycerides ----> Packaged into Chylomicrons

4. Transport:

   - Chylomicrons ----> Lymphatic System (via Lacteals) ----> Bloodstream (via Thoracic Duct)

5. Utilization and Storage:

   - Chylomicrons ----> Cells ----> Energy Use or Storage as Fat in Adipose Tissue